Reflecting on his journeys through France just prior to the French Revolution, English agricultural reformer Arthur Young (1741–1820) documented intriguing insights into the country’s viticulture and wine during the late 1700s. Young made three significant trips through various wine regions to assess French agriculture, with a focus on viticulture, which was crucial to the nation’s economy.
Young’s travels occurred during the growing season and grape harvests. His first journey, from May to November 1787, took him to regions such as Bordeaux and the Loire Valley, followed by Paris. The next journey, from July to October, explored Normandy, Brittany, and again the Loire Valley. His third, lasting from June 1789 to January 1790, was particularly noteworthy as it coincided with the onset of the French Revolution. This voyage included regions in eastern France like Alsace and Burgundy, along with a visit to parts of northern Italy.
During these travels, Young’s observations were critical. He noted the state of agriculture and the quality of wine while interacting with local nobles and peasants. His aim was to gain a deeper understanding rather than merely experience the regional attractions as a tourist might.
Young’s commentary on wine ranged from enthusiastic to critical. Upon tasting a poor-quality wine on his second day in France, he lamented its inferiority compared to English small beer. As he ventured further, however, he discovered better wines—such as "excellent Sancerre" and wines from Cahors, which he praised highly for their quality and character. Young’s enthusiasm for Cahors wine was evident as he managed to arrange for a barrel of it to be shipped to England, though it arrived in poor condition.
Throughout his travels, Young faced several adversities, including travel complications due to the unfolding Revolution. His diary entries reflected a mix of observations about political unrest and the challenges faced by agricultural workers. He found many vineyard owners impoverished despite the potential wealth that could be derived from their land, attributing their struggles to taxation and exploitation by the ruling classes.
Young also discussed the experimental methods in vineyard cultivation at the time. He observed that vineyards were transitioning from random plantings to organized rows, which marked a significant agricultural evolution. Despite noting the poor conditions faced by many vignerons, he expressed admiration for the dedication and resilience of those invested in wine production.
His assessments were not limited to the renowned wine regions as he explored lesser-known areas, tasting local wines and offering candid reviews. Young’s experiences provided valuable insights into the complexities of French viticulture during a tumultuous historical period. His accounts highlight his unique position as a traveler who engaged with both high society and common folk, forming a multi-faceted understanding of France’s wine culture that transcended prevailing biases of his time.
Overall, despite experiencing disappointments in certain wines and conditions, Young’s writings reflect a comprehensive appreciation for French wine and a sympathetic view of the struggles within the industry during the late 18th century. His combination of personal anecdotes, observations on agriculture, and critiques of socio-political structures offers a nuanced perspective on the intersection of wine and the tumultuous history of France leading into the revolution.